Forensic Science

Forensic Science Programs | Forensic Science Courses

Faculty and Staff List

Professors Emeriti
W.R. Cummins, B.Sc., Ph.D.
U.J. Krull, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D., FCIC

Professors
M. Dryer, B.A., M.Sc., M.Sc.BMC
Forensic Anthropology
T.L. Rogers, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.
Forensic Biology
N. Novroski, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
Forensic Chemistry
V. Luk, BSc, MSc, PhD
Forensic Epistemology
R.R. Larsen, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.
Forensic Psychology
D. Urbszat, B.Sc., LL.B., M.A., Ph.D.
Forensic Toxicology
K. Woodall, B.Sc., Ph.D.

Adjunct Professors
E. Liscio, P.Eng.

Part-time Faculty Lecturer – Criminal Law
C. Pakosh, J.D.

Part-Time Faculty Lecturer - Forensic Identification Specialist
Wade Knaap
Detective Constable (Retired)

Academic Advisor
Emily Nanjad-Griffith
forensic.advisor@utoronto.ca

Program Administrator, Academic Advisor & Internship Placement Co-ordinator
Teresa Cabral
905-569-4423
teresa.cabral@utoronto.ca

Program Officer & Outreach Coordinator
Murray Clayton
416-705-5876
murray.clayton@utoronto.ca

Program Director and Faculty Advisor
T.L. Rogers
tracy.rogers@utoronto.ca

 

Forensic Science is the study of physical evidence in a modern legal context. It is best defined as "science in service to the courts."

There are many subfields of Forensic Science including Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Biology, Forensic Chemistry, Forensic Psychology, etc. The single, unifying paradigm of Forensic Science is the search for truth and the meaning of evidence in both criminal investigations and through courts of law.

U of T Mississauga's Forensic Science BSc program, the first of its kind in Canada, is designed to provide the student with an understanding of scientific analyses, theories, laboratory skills, applications, and field techniques -- while allowing the student to emphasize one particular area in greater detail. This is accomplished through the requirement of a either a Forensic Science Major program -- which must be pursued together with a second science major program in an approved area of study (see below for listings of approved second science majors) OR a Forensic Science Specialist program where students pursue one of the streams of specialization (see below for listings of areas of specializations).

ALL students contemplating Forensic Science as their intended area of study MUST first complete the required introductory university level courses (see specific FSC program for min. requirements) before they can apply to be considered for admission into the program.

The selection of the second science major is limited. While other majors must be approved by the FSC Faculty Advisor, the following are approved:

  • Anthropology B.Sc. with emphasis on forensic and biological anthropology
  • Biology with emphasis on forensic biology and molecular biology
  • Chemistry with emphasis on forensic chemistry
  • Psychology with emphasis on forensic psychology

Each of these approved second science majors has basic departmental requirements that must be fulfilled (students must check individual departmental listings for specific second science major program requirements). In addition to these basic requirements, there are provisions for a number of options.

Program website: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic

Forensic Science Programs

Forensic Anthropology - Specialist (Science)

Forensic Anthropology - Specialist (Science)

Enrolment Requirements:

Limited Enrolment — Admission into the Forensic Anthropology program is by special application ONLY. To be considered for admission into the program, ALL students, including students admitted into the 1st year Forensic Science category, MUST submit a direct online FSC Application, upon completing the minimum program entry requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission into the program.

Minimum Requirements:

  1. Completion of 4.0 credits; including 3.0 science credits.
  2. Completion of ANT101H5 with 75% or better and ANT102H5 with 75% or better and FSC239Y5 with a 70% or better. (Students applying to enroll after second year must have completed 8.0 credits and achieved at least 75% in each of ANT200H5, ANT202H5, ANT203H5 and ANT205H5) and FSC239Y5 with a 70% or better.
  3. A minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 3.0 The actual minimum CGPA varies from year to year but is never lower than 3.0

* Students applying to this program in the 2024-2025 Academic Year (for program entry in the 2025-2026 Academic Year) will be required to have Grade 12(4U) Advanced Functions or equivalent.

Application for admission into the program for ALL students can be found at: www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic

Forensic Science Applications Open: March 1 of each year

Forensic Science Application Deadline: May 1 of each year


Completion Requirements:

A minimum of 15.5 credits are required.

First Year: ANT101H5, ANT102H5; BIO152H5, BIO153H5; FSC239Y5

Second Year: ANT200H5, ANT202H5, ANT203H5, ANT205H5; FSC271H5; STA215H5/​ ANT407H5

Third Year: ANT306H5, ANT312H5/​ ANT317H5, ANT334H5, ANT340H5; ( FSC300H5, FSC302H5)/( FSC210H5, FSC303H5), FSC316H5, FSC330H5, FSC335H5, FSC340H5, FSC360H5

Fourth Year: ANT415H5, ANT436H5/​ FSC307H5; ANT439H5, ANT441H5; FSC401H5, FSC439H5, FSC481Y5/​( FSC482H5, FSC483H5/​ FSC485H5)

NOTES:

  1. The program requirements in effect at the time the student is admitted to the program must be met in order to fulfill the degree requirements.
  2. Prospective students already holding a degree in Anthropology may not complete the Forensic Anthropology Specialist Program due to the overlap of course content for courses already completed in their first specialty.
  3. Students without pre- and co-requisites or written permission of the instructor can be de-registered from courses at any time. Once a student has been admitted into a FSC program stream, written authorization from the Forensic Science program advisor MUST be obtained for any request of change in a student's area of study within the Forensic Science program.

ERSPE1338

Forensic Biology - Specialist (Science)

Forensic Biology - Specialist (Science)

Enrolment Requirements:

Limited Enrolment — Admission into the Forensic Biology program is by special application ONLY. To be considered for admission into the program, ALL students, including students admitted into the 1st year Forensic Science category, MUST submit a direct online FSC application, upon completing the minimum program entry requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission into the program.

Minimum Requirements:

  1. Completion of 4.0 credits; including 3.0 science credits
  2. Completion of BIO152H5 with 65% or better and BIO153H5 with 65% or better
  3. Completion of CHM110H5 with 65% or better and CHM120H5 with 65% or better
  4. Completion of ( MAT132H5, MAT134H5) / ( MAT135H5, MAT136H5) / MAT134Y5 / MAT135Y5 / MAT137Y5 / MAT157Y5
  5. Completion of FSC239Y5 with 70% or better.
  6. A minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 3.0. The actual minimum CGPA requirement varies from year to year but is never lower than 3.0

Application for admission into the program for ALL students can be found at: www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic

Forensic Science Applications Open: March 1 of each year

Forensic Science Application Deadline: May 1 of each year

Completion Requirements:

A minimum of 16.0 credits are required.

First Year: BIO152H5, BIO153H5; CHM110H5, CHM120H5; FSC239Y5; ( MAT132H5, MAT134H5) / ( MAT135H5, MAT136H5) / MAT134Y5 / MAT135Y5 / MAT137Y5 / MAT157Y5; PHY136H5, PHY137H5

Second Year: BIO206H5, BIO207H5, BIO259H5, ( BIO208H5, BIO209H5)/ FSC316H5; CHM242H5, CHM243H5; FSC271H5

Third and Fourth Years:

  1. BIO362H5; CHM361H5; ( FSC300H5, FSC302H5)/( FSC210H5, FSC303H5;), FSC315H5, FSC330H5, FSC335H5, FSC340H5, FSC360H5
  2. BIO458H5/​ BIO372H5/​ BIO341H5; FSC415H5, FSC416H5, FSC481Y5/​( FSC482H5, FSC483H5/​ FSC485H5)
  3. 0.5 additional credits from: BIO341H5, BIO374H5, FSC307H5, FSC350H5, FSC370H5, FSC371H5, FSC401H5, FSC402H5, FSC406H5, FSC407H5

NOTES:

  1. The program requirements in effect at the time the student is admitted to the program must be met in order to fulfill the degree requirements.
  2. Prospective students already holding a degree in Biology, may not complete the Forensic Biology Specialist Program due to the overlap of course content already completed in their first specialty.
  3. Students without pre- and co-requisites or written permission of the instructor can be de-registered from courses at any time.
  4. Once a student has been admitted into a FSC program, written authorization from the Forensic Science program advisor MUST be obtained for any request of change in a student's area of study within the Forensic Science program.

ERSPE1410

Forensic Chemistry - Specialist (Science)

Forensic Chemistry - Specialist (Science)

This program is accredited by the Canadian Society for Chemistry.

Enrolment Requirements:

Limited Enrolment — Admission into the Forensic Science-Chemistry program is by special application ONLY. To be considered for admission into the program, ALL students, including students admitted into the 1st year Forensic Science category, MUST submit a direct online FSC application, upon completing the minimum program entry requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission into the program.

Minimum Requirements:

  1. Completion of 4.0 credits; including 3.0 science credits.
  2. Completion of CHM110H5 with 65% or better and CHM120H5 with 65% or better.
  3. Completion of FSC239Y5 with 70% or better.
  4. Completion of ( MAT132H5, MAT134H5)/( MAT135H5, MAT136H5)/ MAT134Y5/​ MAT135Y5/​ MAT137Y5/​ MAT157Y5.
  5. A minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 3.0. The actual minimum CGPA requirement varies from year to year but is never lower than 3.0

Application for admission into the program for ALL students can be found at: www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic

Forensic Science Applications Open: March 1st of each year

Forensic Science Application Deadline: May 1st of each year

Completion Requirements:

A Minimum of 17.0 credits are required.

First Year: CHM110H5, CHM120H5; BIO152H5, FSC239Y5; ( MAT132H5, MAT134H5) /( MAT135H5, MAT136H5) / MAT134Y5 / MAT135Y5 / MAT137Y5 / MAT157Y5; PHY136H5, PHY137H5

Higher Years:

  1. BIO200H5, CHM211H5; JCP221H5, CHM231H5, CHM242H5, CHM243H5; FSC271H5
  2. CHM311H5, CHM331H5/​ CHM333H5, CHM361H5, CHM396H5, CHM397H5, STA220H5
  3. ( FSC300H5, FSC302H5)/( FSC210H5 / FSC370H5, FSC303H5), FSC311H5, FSC330H5, FSC340H5, FSC360H5, FSC402H5, FSC403H5
  4. CHM414H5, CHM416H5
  5. FSC481Y5/​( FSC482H5, FSC483H5/​ FSC485H5) (with chemistry focus)

Note:
  1. Students are strongly advised to consult the program advisor regarding their program of study.
  2. Corequisite for CHM372H5 is CHM361H5.
  3. Students are strongly urged to take as many forensic sciences courses as possible from the following list: ANT205H5, ANT306H5; FSC315H5, FSC316H5, FSC350H5, FSC406H5, FSC407H5; PSY328H5, PSY344H5.
  4. The program requirements in effect at the time the student is admitted to the program must be met in order to fulfill the degree requirements.
  5. Prospective students already holding a degree in Chemistry, cannot complete a Forensic Chemistry Specialist Program due to the overlap of course content for courses already completed in their first specialty.
  6. Students without pre- and co-requisites or written permission of the instructor can be de-registered from courses at any time.
  7. Once a student has been admitted into a FSC program stream, written authorization from the Forensic Science program advisor MUST be obtained for any request of change in a student's area of study within the Forensic Science program.

ERSPE1009

Forensic Psychology - Specialist (Science)

Forensic Psychology - Specialist (Science)

Enrolment Requirements:

Limited Enrolment — Admission into the Forensic Psychology Specialist Program is limited and admission is by special application ONLY. To be considered for admission into the program, ALL students, including students admitted into the 1st year Forensic Science category, MUST submit a direct online FSC application, upon completing the minimum program entry requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission into the program. Minimum Requirements:

  1. Completion of any Gr.12(4U) Biology and Advanced Functions or equivalent*;
  2. Completion of 4.0 credits, including 3.0 science credits
  3. Completion of PSY100Y5 with a minimum average of 75% or better
  4. Completion of FSC239Y5 with a minimum average of 70% or better
  5. A minimum cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 3.0. The actual minimum CGPA requirement varies from year to year but is never lower than 3.0

Students applying to enroll after second year must also have:

  1. Completed 8.0 credits.
  2. Completed PSY201H5, PSY202H5 (or equivalent), FSC220H5, and at least an additional 1.0 credit in 200 series PSY courses with a minimum average of 77% for those five half courses
  3. A minimum cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 3.0. The actual minimum CGPA requirement varies from year to year but is never lower than 3.0

Application for admission into the program for ALL students can be found at: www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic

Forensic Science Applications Open: March 1 of each year Forensic Science Application Deadline: May 1 of each year

Completion Requirements:

At least 15.5 credits are required.

First Year: PSY100Y5; FSC239Y5; BIO152H5, BIO153H5

Second Year:

  1. PSY201H5, PSY202H5/​equivalent
  2. FSC271H5, FSC220H5
  3. PSY210H5, PSY220H5, PSY230H5, PSY240H5, PSY270H5/​ PSY274H5/​ PSY280H5/​ PSY290H5

Third and Fourth Year:

  1. ( FSC300H5, FSC302H5)/( FSC303H5, FSC316H5), FSC320H5, FSC330H5, FSC335H5, FSC360H5, FSC370H5; PSY309H5, PSY328H5/​ PSY340H5/​ PSY341H5/​ PSY393H5, PSY344H5/​ PSY346H5;
  2. One laboratory course from: PSY329H5, PSY369H5
  3. 0.5 credits from the following: FSC350H5, FSC351H5, FSC361H5, FSC371H5, FSC401H5, FSC402H5, FSC403H5, FSC406H5, FSC407H5
  4. 0.5 credit from PSY 400 level series courses
  5. FSC420H5, FSC481Y5/​( FSC482H5, FSC483H5/​ FSC485H5)

NOTES:

  1. The program requirements in effect at the time the student is admitted to the program must be met in order to fulfill the degree requirements.
  2. Prospective students already holding a degree in Psychology may not complete a Forensic Psychology Specialist Program due to the overlap of course content for courses already completed in their first specialty .
  3. Students without pre- and co-requisites or written permission of the instructor can be de-registered from courses at any time.
  4. Once a student has been admitted into a FSC program stream, written authorization from the Forensic Science program advisor MUST be obtained for any request of change in a student's area of study within the Forensic Science program.

ERSPE1505

Forensic Science - Major (Science)

Forensic Science - Major (Science)

Enrolment Requirements:

Limited Enrolment — Admission into the Forensic Science Major program is by special application ONLY and MUST be completed in conjunction with a second approved Science Major (see Notes 'Second Major' below). To be considered for admission into the program, ALL students, including students admitted into the 1st year Forensic Science category, MUST submit a direct online FSC Application, upon completing the Minimum Program Requirements listed below. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission into the program. Minimum Requirements:

  1. Completion of 4.0 credits; including 3.0 science credits.
  2. Completion of FSC239Y5 with 70% or better.
  3. Completion of CHM110H5, CHM120H5 with 65% or better.
  4. Completion of ( MAT132H5, MAT134H5) or ( MAT135H5, MAT136H5) or MAT134Y5 or MAT135Y5 or MAT137Y5
  5. A minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average of at least 2.7 The actual CGPA requirement in any particular year may exceed this value, in order to achieve a proper balance between enrolments and teaching resources.
  6. Enrolment in an Approved Second Major (See Second Major Notes: 1).

Application for admission into the program for ALL students can be found at: www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic
Forensic Science Applications Open: March 1 of each year
Forensic Science Application Deadline: May 1 of each year

Completion Requirements:

Note: This program must be taken concurrently with a second Major program (see notes below).

9.0 credits are required including at least 2.0 at the 300/400 level.

First Year: BIO152H5, BIO153H5; CHM110H5, CHM120H5; FSC239Y5; ( MAT132H5, MAT134H5) / ( MAT135H5, MAT136H5) / MAT134Y5 / MAT135Y5 / MAT137Y5; PHY136H5, PHY137H5

Second Year: CHM242H5, CHM243H5; FSC271H5; ANT407H5/​ STA215H5/​ STA220H5/​ PSY201H5

Third Year: FSC303H5/​ FSC300H5; FSC330H5; FSC360H5;

Fourth Year: 0.5 credit from the following: FSC302H5, FSC307H5, FSC311H5, FSC314H5, FSC315H5, FSC316H5, FSC320H5, FSC335H5, FSC340H5, FSC350H5, FSC351H5, FSC361H5, FSC370H5, FSC401H5, FSC402H5, FSC403H5, FSC406H5, FSC407H5, FSC416H5, FSC430H5, FSC489H5

NOTES:

  1. The Forensic Science Major MUST be completed in conjunction with one of the following approved second major programs: Anthropology (Science), Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science or Psychology (Other 2nd Majors may be possible with permission of the Forensic Science program director.
  2. Students intending to complete the Forensic Science Major with an Anthropology Major MUST select the ERMAJ0105 Anthropology (Science) Major. As part of the ANT (SCI) Major requirement of 3.0 additional ANT credits, students are recommended to choose from the following: ANT205H5; ANT306H5, ANT334H5, ANT340H5, ANT415H5, ANT436H5, ANT439H5.
  3. For information on program requirements and enrolment procedures for each of the second major programs, students should consult the individual departmental faculty advisor or the departmental program descriptions listed within this calendar.
  4. In each of the 2nd majors, certain courses are compulsory and where a choice of courses is available, students should consult the Forensic Science Student Advisor for the most appropriate selection.
  5. The program requirements in effect at the time the student is admitted to the program must be met in order to fulfill the degree requirements.
  6. Once a student has been admitted into a FSC program stream, written authorization from the Forensic Science program advisor MUST be obtained for any request of change in a student's area of study within the Forensic Science program, including the second science major.
  7. Prospective students already holding a degree in Biology, Chemistry, Psychology or Anthropology may not complete a Forensic Science program in their first specialty due to the overlap of course content for courses already completed.

ERMAJ0205

Forensic Science - Minor (Science)

Forensic Science - Minor (Science)

A minor program that can be taken in combination with any specialist or major program, including from the Social Sciences and Humanities. The minor program introduces students to the core tenets of Forensic Science: evidence recovery; scientific analysis; quality assurance; evidence-based interpretation; peer review; and communication of results as they relate to the Canadian legal system. Students will be exposed to forensic techniques and approaches, helping them to understand how they can be utilized in other fields of study. This program will complement degrees in criminology, sociology, geography, political science, and any other field that intersects with the legal system. Students will learn forensic theory and at least one applied skill set through lectures and labs.

Enrolment Requirements:

Limited Enrolment — A final grade of 75% is required in FSC239Y5.

Completion Requirements:

4.0 credits are required.

First Year: FSC239Y5

Second Year: FSC271H5

Third Year: FSC303H5, FSC360H5 and 0.5 credit from FSC210H5, FSC220H5, FSC307H5, FSC311H5, FSC314H5, FSC315H5, FSC316H5, FSC320H5, FSC330H5, FSC335H5, FSC350H5, FSC351H5, FSC361H5, FSC370H5,

Fourth Year:

Some third-year and fourth-year courses listed above have additional pre-requisites. Students interested in these courses should plan their courses appropriately to ensure that the stated pre-requisites are met. Students without pre- and co-requisites or written permission of the instructor can be de-registered from courses at any time.


ERMIN0205

Students are strongly advised to consult with the Forensic Science program advisor who can provide recommended courses among these options to direct student preparation for a career in their chosen field of interest. Students are also advised to consult with the individual departmental faculty student advisor for recommended guidelines for course selection within their second science major.

In addition to the Forensic Science (Double) Major program, the following Forensic Science Specialist programs are available for more directed study: Forensic Anthropology; Forensic Biology; Forensic Chemistry and Forensic Psychology.

Notes:
Entry into the Forensic Science programs is limited. Students are urged to read program information in this calendar very carefully. Entry into all Forensic Science Programs is by special application only. Forensic Science programs direct on-line application and application procedures are available at: www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic

  • Applications open: March 1 of each year.
  • Application deadline: May 1 of each year.

Forensic Science Courses

ANT205H5 • Introduction to Forensic Anthropology

Introduction to the field of forensic anthropology. Outlines the areas in which forensic anthropologists may contribute to a death investigation and introduces basic concepts relating to the recovery and analysis of human remains.

Prerequisites: ANT101H5 or BIO152H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

ANT439H5 • Advanced Forensic Anthropology

Forensic anthropologists are responsible for the search, recovery, and analysis of human skeletal remains in modern contexts. This course will explore the knowledge and skills used by forensic anthropologists to reconstruct the biological profile of the deceased, make an identification, contribute to the determination of manner and mode of death, understand the events that took place at the scene, and to provide an estimate of time since death.

Prerequisites: ANT205H5 and ANT334H5
Corequisites: ANT340H5
Recommended Preparation: ANT306H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/36P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC100H5 • The Real CSI

This class introduces the science of Crime Scene Investigation and related forensic specialities. Students will learn about the latest scientific developments in the field, contrasting these to popular portrayals of CSI in the media, and addressing the impact of popular portrayals on juror expectations, knowledge and misconceptions.

Note: This is a general first year course open to everyone. PLEASE NOTE: The required FSC Program 1st year introductory course is: FSC239Y5 Introduction to Forensic Science

Exclusions: FSC239Y5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC101H5 • The Real Law & Order

As a compliment to FSC100, this class transports students from the crime scene to the courtroom, to learn how forensic evidence and scientific methods hold up in court to become admissible. Students will discover the differences between approved and junk science, and see how emerging forensic sciences contribute to exonerations, addressing the impact of popular media portrayals on juror expectations, knowledge and misconceptions.

Note: This is a general first year course open to everyone. PLEASE NOTE: The required FSC Program 1st year introductory course is: FSC239Y5 Introduction to Forensic Science

Prerequisites: FSC100H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC210H5 • Physical Evidence and Microscopy

Forensic Science examines physical evidence in relation to the law. There are a number of scientific techniques used to characterize physical evidence, but perhaps the most utilized technique is microscopy. In this course, students will practice how to process and characterize trace evidence using a number of different microscopy techniques, such as stereomicroscope, polarized light microscope (PLM), comparison microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and confocal microscope. The theory and operation behind each microscopy technique will be discussed during lecture, while students will have the opportunity to operate the different microscopes during laboratory sessions.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC220H5 • Introduction to Forensic Psychology

This course provides an introductory overview of the many ways psychological research and theories (i.e. behavioural science) can deliver useful information in collecting and assessing evidence for criminal investigation, trial, and prevention. Topics may include: eyewitness testimony, deception, criminal profiling, false confession, mental illness, victim trauma, criminal responsibility, risk assessment, serial killing, hate crimes, sexual offending, prejudiced policing, and jury decision-making. The aim of this course is to give students general insight into the various applied specializations of forensic psychologists.

Prerequisites: PSY100Y5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC239Y5 • Introduction to Forensic Science

Forensic science is the application of any scientific inquiry into criminal investigation. The results of such inquiry are ultimately for presentation in courts of law. Specialists in forensic science will lecture on a variety of topics that will include crime scene investigation, the role of the coroner, forensic pathology, forensic chemistry, forensic botany, forensic entomology, forensic anthropology, forensic dentistry, psychology and toxicology. Case studies will be reviewed, and the role of the expert witness will be examined.

Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 48L/8T
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC271H5 • Ethics and Professionalism in Forensic Science

This course covers the importance of professionalism and ethical behaviour for Forensic Scientists. It looks at the role of the Forensic Scientist and the expert witness and the consequences when ethical guidelines are not followed.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC300H5 • Forensic Identification

Focusing on the scene of the crime and evidence found there, this course is an introduction to the field of forensic identification. Topics include: crime scene protocols, management and reconstruction; image collection, storage and enhancement; recognition collection; and chain of custody and preservation of evidence.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and FSC271H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC302H5 • Advanced Forensic Identification

Continuing from FSC300H5, this course focuses on advanced crime scene examination and the use of evidence detection techniques. Topics include: advanced fingerprint development techniques, footwear collection and identification, analysis report writing, bloodstain pattern interpretation and crime scene plan drawing. Additional topics discuss biometrics, examiner bias, the expert witness, crime scene examination protocols and courtroom testimony.

Prerequisites: FSC300H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC303H5 • Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation

This course will provide students with an introduction to forensic photography, crime scene processing, and forensic identification. Topics include, but are not limited to: fingerprint identification, chance impression evidence, physical evidence, crime scene and victim photography, and proper documentation of a crime scene. Students will gain an understanding of the basic "toolkit" required for crime scene processing, and learn the fundamentals of proper collection and analysis of physical evidence.

As an alternative to (FSC300H5, FSC302H5), this course satisfies the third year IDENT requirement needed for enrolment in FSC481Y5, FSC482H5, FSC483H5, and FSC485H5. Note: This course does not satisfy the IDENT requirement for FSC407H5.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and FSC271H5
Exclusions: FSC300H5 or FSC302H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC307H5 • Missing Persons DVI and Unidentified Human Remains

The goal of this course is to gain a basic understanding of the case management involved in missing persons, disaster victim identification, and unidentified human remains cases. Topics covered will include the interdisciplinary interactions between anthropology, odontology, fingerprinting and forensic genetics in the identification and databasing of both missing persons and recovered unidentified human remains.

Prerequisites: (ANT202H5 or BIO207H5). Priority given first to students enrolled in the Forensic Specialist Program and Forensic Science Majors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC311H5 • Forensic Chemistry

This course focuses on the analysis of physical evidence based on the principles of analytical chemistry. Students will gain knowledge in the theory and operation of forensically relevant chemical and instrumental techniques used for the analysis of evidentiary items, including drug/alcohol analysis, gunshot residue, explosives, paint analysis, etc. Students will also develop skills relating to the interpretation, limitation, and implications of analytical results in a forensic context. (Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.)

Prerequisites: CHM211H5 and (CHM110H5 and CHM120H5) or CHM140Y5
Recommended Preparation: FSC239Y5 and CHM311H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L/36P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC314H5 • Current Trends in Forensic Biology

A lecture-based course examining contemporary topics in forensic biology. The course will emphasize group discussion where students will examine, review, criticize, and present on current trends and fundamental topics within forensic biology, which could include evidence screening and serology, DNA analysis methodology, forensic technological developments/enhancements as well as current ethical and/or political changes in the field. The implications and applications of forensic biology research advances will also be explored. The theme of the course is expected to be topical and current, and to vary from year to year to accommodate the interests of both the students enrolled in the course and the faculty member(s) teaching the course.

Prerequisites: BIO152H5, FSC239Y5, FSC271H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC315H5 • Forensic Biology

This course focuses on the analysis and interpretation of biological evidence in a forensic context. Students will gain knowledge in the theory and operation of forensically relevant biological and instrumental techniques used for the analysis of evidentiary items, including DNA, bodily fluids, hair, etc. Students will also develop skills relating to the interpretation, limitation, and implications of analytical results in a forensic context. (Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.)

Prerequisites: BIO206H5 and BIO207H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L/36P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC316H5 • Forensic Anatomy

This course examines the body as forensic evidence. Human gross anatomy and histology will be examined from the perspective of forensic pathology, students will learn about the role of the body in crime scene analysis, autopsy procedures such as fingerprinting and forensic imaging of the deceased, and address anatomical anomalies useful for forensic purposes such as identification. Other topics include bodily decomposition, disease, and injuries.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and FSC271H5
Corequisites: FSC360H5
Enrolment Limits: Preference given to FSC Specialists and Majors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC320H5 • Forensic Psychopathology

Pathology is the study of disease and psychopathology is the study of mental illness. In Forensic Psychopathology, then, we make inquiries about mental illness in the context of forensic practices. In this course, we will explore multiple topics in the field providing the student with a general insight into its history, scientific merits, and practical relevance. We will survey prevailing theories on mental health, illness, and treatment. Investigate psychiatric diagnoses such as (juvenile) Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Psychopathy, hereunder their application and relevance in risk assessment, behavior prediction, and offender rehabilitation. We will also discuss methodological, ethical, and legal issues in the field, for example, the scientific validity of psychiatric diagnostics, the ethical implications of using psychiatric assessments in forensic institutions, and the legal responsibility of mentally ill offenders.

Prerequisites: FSC220H5 and FSC271H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC330H5 • Best Practices in Forensic Science

This course will guide students through the common fundamentals of quality assurance, health & safety, resiliency and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) training and report writing in forensic science professions.

Prerequisites: FSC271H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC335H5 • Forensic Epistemology and Theory

This course will explore and discuss the basic role of a forensic scientist and what it means to be scientifically informed.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and FSC271H5
Enrolment Limits: Priorty given to FSC Specialists, Majors and then Minors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC340H5 • Research Design

This course introduces students to common methods of research design and the nature of data collection. Students will learn how to pose a meaningful research questions, to select appropriate data types, to define variables, examine bias, confounding factors, and select appropriate statistics that address their purpose.

Prerequisites: FSC271H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC341H5 • Applied Forensic Statistics

Designed as a companion course to FSC340H5, Forensic Statistics will introduce students to basic analytic methods necessary to evaluate quantitative data in forensic science. Students will learn methods of visualizing and analyzing univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data in forensic science, with emphasis on practical applications of statistics in various forensic sub-disciplines. No prior knowledge of statistics and mathematics is required.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC350H5 • Special Topics in Forensic Science

A survey of recent developments in theory and applications of forensic science with particular attention to case studies in a particular branch of forensic science. The contact hours for this course may vary in terms of contact type (L,S,T,P) from year to year, but will be between 24-36 contact hours in total. See the UTM Timetable.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 or permission of instructor
Enrolment Limits: Priority given to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC351H5 • Advanced Topics in Forensic Science

A survey of recent developments in theory and applications of forensic science with particular attention to case studies in a particular branch of forensic science. The contact hours for this course may vary in terms of contact type (L,S,T,P) from year to year, but will be between 24-36 contact hours in total. See the UTM Timetable.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 or permission of instructor
Enrolment Limits: Priority given to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC360H5 • Evidence, Law and Forensic Science in Canada

This course will explore the position of forensic science within the law in Canada. The focus will be on the evolution of the acceptance of forensic science in Canadian criminal law and its current position within the legal system. Topics include: Evidence law, expert evidence law, defining the expert, differing standards of legal acceptance for police sciences and others. Important historical documents and legal advancements will be surveyed.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and FSC271H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.

Distribution Requirement: Social Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC361H5 • Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System

This course will develop students’ knowledge of forensic mental health issues throughout the criminal justice system, including the nature and extent of mental illness in our society and the various legal, social and ethical issues that arise when a mentally disordered individual comes into contact with the criminal justice system. Topics to be explored include: the medical and legal definitions of mental disorder and their relationship to each other; the criteria for state-compelled treatment and how it impinges upon individual autonomy; the changing views of the justice system’s duty to accommodate victims and witnesses with mental health issues; fitness to stand trial and the defense of not criminally responsible; and the Review Board process.

Prerequisites: FSC271H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority is given to FSC Specialists, FSC Majors and FSC Minors

Distribution Requirement: Social Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC370H5 • Forensic Psychopharmacology

This course introduces students to the area of psychopharmacology (drug induced changes in mood, thinking and behaviour). The mechanisms of action of drugs in the nervous system and their effects on the brain and on behaviour will be explored and the significance of psychopharmacology in criminal investigations and trials will be discussed.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and FSC271H5 and BIO152H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC371H5 • The Science of Cannabis

This course introduces students to the science of cannabis. Students will learn about the constituents of cannabis, methods of analysis and the pharmacology of cannabinoids. In addition, the role of cannabis in forensic case work will be explored.

Prerequisites: FSC370H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC399Y5 • Research Opportunity Program

This course provides senior undergraduate students who have developed some knowledge of a discipline and its research methods an opportunity to work in a research project. Students enrolled have an opportunity to become involved in original research, develop their research skills and share in the excitement and discovery of acquiring new knowledge. This course is aimed at facilitating International Research Opportunities offered at U of T's partner institutions and coordinated through the Centre for International Experience. See Experiential and International Opportunities for more details.


Distribution Requirement: Science
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC401H5 • Forensic Pathology

This is a general introduction of the scientific and medical basis of forensic pathology. The scientific aspects of death investigation will be emphasized including cause, manner, and time of death. Emphasis will be placed in developing skills to critically examine the published forensic scientific and medical literature. Also included are human rights death investigation, and custodial death.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and (FSC316H5 or BIO210Y5)
Recommended Preparation: FSC271H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC402H5 • Forensic Toxicology

Forensic toxicology involves the study of the adverse effects of drugs, alcohol and poisons on biological systems in a medicolegal context. This course will include a review of pharmacokinetics, analytical techniques and quality assurance measures used in forensic toxicology, the effects of drugs on human performance and post-mortem toxicology of illicit drugs, pharmaceutical drugs and other poisons. The major focus of this course will be the role that a forensic toxicologist plays in criminal and death investigations.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and [(CHM110H5 and CHM120H5) or CHM140Y5]
Recommended Preparation: FSC271H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC403H5 • Forensic Analytical Toxicology

Analytical toxicology is the isolation, detection, identification, and quantitation of foreign compounds (xenobiotics) in biological and other specimens. This course integrates theoretical and practical aspects of analytical chemistry with forensic toxicology. General aspects of method development, implementation, validation, and laboratory operation will be explored.

Prerequisites: FSC239Y5 and CHM211H5
Recommended Preparation: CHM311H5 and FSC402H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/15P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC406H5 • Introduction To 3D Crime Scene Mapping And Reconstruction

This course introduces students to both standard and innovative methods of documenting, mapping, analyzing, and visualizing/reconstructing a crime scene for investigative purposes, including: total stations; laser scanners; panoramic images; and photogrammetry. Course topics range from basic measurement theory and statistics, to legal considerations such as admissibility and preparing courtroom-ready visualizations. Students will learn to use forensic mapping software to create courtroom-ready graphics.

Prerequisites: FSC300H5 or FSC303H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority given first to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors; then Minors.)

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC407H5 • Forensic Identification Field School

A field course to complement the material covered in both FSC300H, Forensic Identification & FSC302H, Advanced Forensic Identification. The field school will be held on the U of T Mississauga Campus over a 2-week period during the summer term and during weekly two hour labs in the fall term. In these classes, students will experience practical exposure to field and laboratory methods related to evidence recognition, collection and interpretation. Emphasis will be placed on the types of evidence collected, processed, and analyzed by forensic identification specialists. General evidence and small object photography techniques will be an important component of the course.

Prerequisites: [FSC239Y5 and (FSC300H5 and FSC302H5)] or Permission of Instructor
Enrolment Limits: Priority given to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors. Limited Enrolment and Course Application required. Application Process see: https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic/applications

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 104P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC415H5 • Advanced Methods in Forensic Biology

This advanced course explores the methodologies and data interpretation of forensic DNA typing, and other forensic biology techniques. The course will cover the principles, protocols, and current practices in an effort to understand the “what”, “how” and “why” of DNA analysis in a forensic context. Students will also learn about new and future trends in the field of forensic DNA typing, where discussion and evaluation of the primary literature is a key component of this course. Practical sessions will focus on the advanced techniques discussed in lecture.

Prerequisites: FSC315H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36L/36P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC416H5 • Population Genetics

This course introduces students to the genetic variation between and within populations. The topics include evolutionary forces, quantitative genetics, and Baysian statistics as it applies to forensic biology.

Prerequisites: (ANT202H5 or BIO207H5) and BIO259H5
Exclusions: EEB459H1

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC420H5 • Field and Lab Methods in Forensic Psychology

This course introduces students to field practices and research procedures in Forensic Psychology. The topics in field practice may include, but are not limited to: administrating risk assessment; conducting semi-structured patient interviews; fitness to stand trial assessment; mental health diagnostics; psychological profiling in criminal investigation; administering patient records; trial preparation. The tasks related to research procedures may include, but are not limited to: research literature searches and citation management; writing ethics proposals; data collection, annotation, analysis, and storage; writing abstracts, critical analysis, and methods; writing peer-review responses; formalizing and executing research theory, hypotheses and design.

Prerequisites: FSC220H5 and PSY344H5

Distribution Requirement: Social Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/36P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC430H5 • Seminar in Forensic Science

As a capstone course, FSC430H5 is intended to apply the unique interdisciplinary perspectives acquired by students enrolled in the Forensic Science Minor. This course will address key themes in forensics, and culminate in a collaborative course project, informed and shaped by these perspectives. Students can expect to work in partnerships, groups, or teams to investigate and discuss major issues, hot topics, historical events or growing bodies of knowledge that contribute to a broader understanding of forensic science and how it is relevant across many, if not all disciplines.

Restricted to students enrolled in the Forensic Science Minor.

Prerequisites: FSC360H5
Enrolment Limits: Restricted to students enrolled in the Forensic Science Minor.

Distribution Requirement: Science, Social Science
Total Instructional Hours: 36S
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC439H5 • Forensic Anthropology Case Analysis

This course offers a case-based approach to forensic anthropology. Students will critically evaluate real forensic anthropological cases, in addition to completing their own mock cases - from the transfer of evidence to a mock trial.

Prerequisites: ANT439H5
Enrolment Limits: Priority is given to Forensic Anthropology Specialists

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/36P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC481Y5 • Internship in Forensic Science

As the capstone experience for the Forensic Science Specialist Programs, this course provides students with professional practice and research experience. Students are required to attend classes that address proper research design and methodology, as well as issues of professional practice in the forensic sciences including: ethics; research protocols; written and verbal communication skills; professional communication (interviews, letters, emails, reports, presentations, and publications); and expert witness testimony. Students will also be placed with a participating forensic agency to conduct research and gain an understanding of the unit's daily operations. In addition to practice presentations, critiques, an ethics approval application, a 10-15 page research proposal, and a mock interview, students are required to formally present the results of their research at the annual Forensic Science Day symposium and submit a publication quality manuscript of their work.

Note: Internship Placements are arranged by the FSC Program. Students MUST apply for this course and the Course Application is due in the February preceding the placement. Course Application, Information & Procedures: https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic/applications There will be an information session regarding Internship Placements, preceding the application period. Students must have one free day (Monday - Friday) to work at their internship placement site and must be in the final year before graduation. Students are expected to provide their own transportation to placement work site.

Prerequisites: Enrolment in a Forensic Science Specialist Program and completion of the forensic program statistics course(s) requirement and any third-level IDENT course, and permission of instructor.
Exclusions: FSC482H5 or FSC483H5 or FSC485H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC482H5 • Professional Practice in Forensic Science

This course will address practical considerations of professional practice, including professional writing, ethics in research, interviews, mock trial, and journal publication. Students MUST apply for this course. Course Application & Procedures: https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic/applications

Prerequisites: Enrolment in a Forensic Science Specialist Program and completion of the forensic program statistics course(s) requirement and any third level IDENT course and permission of instructor.
Corequisites: FSC483H5 or FSC485H5
Exclusions: FSC481Y5
Enrolment Limits: Restricted to Forensic Science Specialists.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC483H5 • Collaborative Research Internship

As the alternative capstone experience, this course provides students the opportunity to work in a cross-disciplinary collaborative environment to address case-based research questions.

Note: Topics will be made available at the time of application. Students MUST apply for this course and the course application is due in the February preceding the internship. Course Application & Procedures: https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/forensic/applications There will be an information session regarding this course, preceding the application period. Students must have one free day (Monday - Friday) to work on their collaborative research internship and must be in the final year before graduation.

Prerequisites: Enrolment in a Forensic Science Specialist Program and completion of the forensic program statistics course(s) requirement and any third-level IDENT course and permission of instructor.
Corequisites: FSC482H5
Exclusions: FSC481Y5 or FSC489Y5 or FSC485H5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC485H5 • Professional Opportunity in Forensic Science

This course provides students with the opportunity to engage in, and reflect on, a professional forensic experience that contributes to their employment eligibility after graduation. They will develop networking skills, enhance professional competencies, and are given the opportunity to locate and select their own experience relevant to their career goals, which may include (but is not limited to) a possible: work-study position, conference workshop, professional certification, field school, paid or unpaid internship or agency co-op. All opportunities must be approved by the program director in the term prior to enrolment.

Prerequisites: Completion of the forensic program statistics course(s) requirement and any third-level IDENT course and permission of instructor.
Corequisites: FSC482H5
Exclusions: FSC483H5 or FSC481Y5
Enrolment Limits: Restricted to Forensic Science Specialists. Course Application required.

Distribution Requirement: Science
Mode of Delivery: In Class

FSC489H5 • Advanced Independent Project

For students wishing to complete original research, a feasibility study, critical review of the literature or position paper leading towards a publishable report.

Prerequisites: Permission of Program Director.
Recommended Preparation: (Restricted to Forensic Science Specialists and Majors.)

Distribution Requirement: Social Science, Science
Mode of Delivery: In Class

HSC403H5 • Visualization of Forensic Demonstrative Evidence

This course examines the visual representation of forensic demonstrative evidence in Canadian courtrooms. A case-based approach simulates professional practice. Forensic anthropology, biology and visual communication theory are explored in new media for presentation. Visual problem solving skills are developed through collaboration. In class, presentations and practica are combined with critical analysis of visualizations.

Prerequisites: 10.0 credits, including ANT205H5 or ANT306H5 or (BIO208H5 and BIO209H5) or BIO210Y5 or FSC239Y5

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 12L/24P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

HSC405H5 • Digital Forensic Facial Reconstruction

This course examines the technical, anatomical, and sociological considerations involved in the three-dimensional digital forensic facial reconstruction. Human facial anatomy, traditional reconstruction techniques, and the use of 3D animation software are the core areas of study. Using this knowledge, students reconstruct the facial identity of an individual known only from cranial skeletal remains.

Prerequisites: (HSC200H5 and one of the following courses: HSC300H5 or HSC301H5 or HSC302H5 or HSC307H5) or permission of instructor

Distribution Requirement: Science
Total Instructional Hours: 24L/12P
Mode of Delivery: In Class

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