The world’s oceans cover approximately 70% of the Earth Surface and Canada has extensive coastlines along three major ocean basins. This course will provide a broad understanding of chemical, biological, physical and geologic aspects of the oceans. In addition, this course will offer an insight into the paleoceanographic evolution of our planet and present-day environmental threats such as pollution, habitat destruction, acidification and ocean warming. Even though this course does not include specific lab or tutorial sessions, relevant exercises will be included.

Despite civilization’s dependence on nature for energy, food, and water, human activity has severely affected the environment in recent centuries. Particularly, the use of energy is significantly impacting our planet via resource extraction, climate change and pollution of the atmo-, bio-, hydro-, and geosphere. While some environmental impacts will be diminished as part of the ongoing carbon-free energy transition, the use of alternative energies can also lead to negative environmental consequences. This course studies the relationship between fossil fuels, nuclear and renewable energy and environment on a broad scale discussing topics such as mining, water pollution, nuclear waste management, climate change, and geoengineering.

This course, held on the north shore of Lake Huron in the summer, covers crucial geological field skill in an authentic field-based learning environment in order to interpret ancient geological environments. The course occurs over approx. 12 days of field instruction. The course covers an overview of the regional geology at Whitefish Falls, Ontario, including Manitoulin Island, Elliot Lake and Sudbury. Students will also before engaging in a small group mapping projects in which geologic maps of a defined region will be assembled over 5-6 days of student-led field work.

Note: U of T Mississauga students must register in the Summer Session, and provide consent waivers and the course fee to the Earth Science Lab & Field Coordinator in the Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences. This course fee is in addition to tuition, and covers accommodation, geological field gear and transport (but does not include any food). This field camp is usually held in early May. The registration deadline is in early March. For specific yearly course information, please see the UTM CPS Earth Science Fieldtrip page for more information on dates, required field gear and other information.

A survey of current thinking in Earth science. Topics may include obtaining data in the field or lab and analyzing it, an interdisciplinary research project, and supervised readings. The contact hours for this course may vary in terms of contact type (L,S,T,P) from year to year, but will be between 24-36 contact hours in total. See the UTM Timetable.

This course provides a richly rewarding opportunity for third or higher year students to work on the research project of a professor in earth sciences in return for 399Y course credit. Students enrolled have an opportunity to become involved in original research, enhance their research skills and share in the excitement and discovery of acquiring new knowledge. Participating faculty members post their project description for the following summer and fall/winter session on the ROP website in mid-February and students are invited to apply at that time. See Experiential and International Opportunities for more details.

Our modern civilisation is dependent on resources. These include energy resources (such as oil and natural gas), metallic resources (such as iron, copper or gold) or building resources (such as gravel or limestone). Resource deposits require specific conditions to form on Earth as a result of processes such as plate tectonics, magma differentiation and hydrothermal fluids. Exploration geologists target potential resource sites, while mining and engineering geologists seek to extract the resource via mines or rigs. This course will explore the processes which lead to ore or resource deposits forming in Earth's crust, explain the mechanisms through which we are able to extract those resources and convert them into useable metals or energy sources, and explore the economics which control the resource markets.

This course will cover stress, strain and rheology, the analysis and interpretation of structural features in complexly folded and faulted strata and in plutonic and metamorphic rocks, and basic rock mechanics. Methods include strain analysis, stereographic projection, construction of balanced cross-sections, and geomorphometry.

Why do earthquakes occur and how do they cause damage? What is a seismogram and what can it tell us about earthquakes and the Earth’s structure? Earthquakes tend to strike suddenly and without warning. Because of their destructive power, tremendous efforts and monetary resources are dedicated to advancing earthquake science and designing effective hazard mitigation controls. This course will provide an overview of the physics of earthquakes and seismic wave propagation, and current seismic hazard mitigation plans and policies. Concepts covered in this course include stress and strain relations, elastic wave equation, body and surface waves, seismic instrumentation and data, global earth structure, seismic source theory, earthquake mechanics, ground motion, earthquake recurrence models, seismic hazard analysis, and human-induced earthquakes. Students will learn to apply basic math and physics concepts to solve seismological problems. They will also gain hands-on experience in analyzing and interpreting seismic data using computational tools.

Volcanic eruptions are one of the most dangerous and volatile geological hazard. In the 20th Century, almost 100,000 people are believed to have been killed in volcanic eruptions, with another 4.7 million directly affected by them, but, at the end of the 20th century, over 500 million people lived within the hazard zone of a volcano worldwide; cities such as Tokyo, Mexico City, Naples and Seattle are besieged by the threat of nearby volcanoes. Volcanoes also provide fertile soils, near-unlimited geothermal power generation potential and are an intricate part of the Earth system. This course aims to study the mechanism through which volcanoes form on Earth and other rocky planets, the circumstances that trigger eruptions, the processes which cause eruptions to change and evolve, and their impact on our society.

This course will focus on the evolving history of organisms and their ecosystems on Earth, including aspects of geochemistry and taphonomy. This course will investigate the interactions between Earth and Life over the past 3.5 billion years, emphasizing how the paleontological record is used to understand the complex nature of our evolving Earth.

The goals of this course are to discuss the geologic record of climate change and present an overview of the methods used to reconstruct the earth's climate history and the techniques used to determine the timing of environmental changes. Topics to be addressed will include paleoclimatic reconstruction, climate and climatic variation, dating methods, and climate proxies. In addition, periods of past climate change will be highlighted with particular emphasis on climate change during the recent past. This will be put into perspective with modern day and future global change.

This course will provide students with a first-hand field exposure to geologic outcrops in North America, where knowledge gained during classroom instruction throughout their studies can be applied to textbook examples of a variety of real-world geologic features. The course is structured around one major field trip during one of the Summer terms, where student-led work on rock outcrops is performed (including presentations while in the field) and the preparation of field reports after the trip. There is a nonrefundable course fee associated with this course beyond tuition, which covers accomodation and travel. Students must register on ROSI, on a first-come first-serve and non-refundable deposit basis. The deposit must be received by the Department within one week from the first day of enrollment or the student will be dropped automatically from the course. Information about the course will be released during the Winter term on the CPS Field Trip webpage.

Arrangements for these independent research projects must be made with an Earth Science Faculty member prior to registration. This course requires the student to submit a completed application to the CPS Undergraduate Assistant. Registration in the course is required. The application form can be downloaded from www.utm.utoronto.ca/cps/undergraduate/ resources/independent-studies-application-form. Copies of the completed report must be submitted one week prior to the end of term classes. Students may take both ERS471H5 and ERS472H5 in the same term. A component of the mark will be based on an oral presentation made at the end of the course.

Arrangements for these independent research projects must be made with an Earth Science Faculty member prior to registration. This course requires the student to submit a completed application to the CPS Undergraduate Assistant. Registration in the course is required. The application form can be downloaded from www.utm.utoronto.ca/cps/undergraduate/ resources/independent-studies-application-form. Copies of the completed report must be submitted one week prior to the end of term classes. Students may take both ERS471H5 and ERS472H5 in the same term. A component of the mark will be based on an oral presentation made at the end of the course.

This course provides a richly rewarding opportunity for a fourth or higher year students to work on the research project of a professor in Earth Science in return for 499Y5 course credit. Students enrolled have an opportunity to become involved in original research, enhance their research skills and share in the excitement and discovery of acquiring new knowledge. Participating faculty members post their project description for the following summer and fall/winter session on the ROP website in mid-February and students are invited to apply at that time. See Experiential and International Opportunities for more details.

An overview of the art and architecture of the past and present, as well as an introduction to the discipline of art history and its methodologies. Emphasis on representative monuments and key approaches to interpretation.

This course offers a survey of the arts of antiquity. Emphasis is placed on major works of sculpture, painting, and architecture. Decorative arts are also treated.

An overview of major monuments and themes in the art and architecture of Western Europe and the Mediterranean World from the third until the eleventh century.

An overview of major monuments and themes in the art and architecture of Western Europe and the Mediterranean World from the eleventh through the fifteenth century.

A selective survey of the major art centres, types of artistic production, personalities, and trends in Italy and the North, from the early fifteenth century to the mid-sixteenth. The creation and diffusion of art are addressed through an understanding of historical techniques (media), cultural determinants such as patronage, and significant works of art.

This survey course will introduce students to the advanced technological and innovative material contributions of Indigenous cultural knowledge towards the reshaping of Canadian Culture, Identity and Art today; beginning with the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nations. Specificity of place, nation, geographical territory, the intervention of colonial government policy, and social movements will be reviewed as they relate to the creation and collection of Indigenous art and established art markets. Object and image making, new technologies, performance art, ceremony, land, hunting, activism, social engagement, and community arts will be covered, as will fashion, dance, song, and storytelling.

An introduction to art and society in Europe, ca. 1600 to ca. 1800 CE. Tensions between the Catholic Church and Protestantism; the rise of powerful, competing courts; the growth of increasingly complex urban centres; and the entry of the "wider public" into the art market all create new roles for representation in Europe. Developments in painting, prints, sculpture, architecture, urban planning, and festivals are considered.

This course surveys art and architecture of the Islamic worlds, beginning with the emergence of Islam in the seventh century. It examines works of art ranging from the monumental (palaces, mosques, shrines) to the portable (textiles, jewelry, books), spanning the Islamic world from Spain to Central and East Asia. A range of materials and artistic techniques will be considered, as will several religious and secular contexts and different patterns in patronage and workshop production.

How did Muslims live in the pre-modern world, and, how did they interact with their surrounding environment? This course introduces examples of homes, palaces, and gardens dating from the 8th to the 18th centuries. The course includes examples from the Arab world, Turkey, Iran, and South Asia.

An introduction to the art of the major world religions (examples will mostly be taken from Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam but may also extend to Judaism, Buddhism, and religions of indigenous peoples), examining debates within these traditions around the status of the image as well as the relationship of religious images with the secular notion of 'art.'

Surveys major developments in European art and architecture from the late eighteenth through the end of the nineteenth century, including Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Orientalism, Realism, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Symbolism. Artistic responses to political change, urbanisation, capitalism, colonialism, the Academy, and the Salon will be explored as well as changing constructions of gender, race, class, and national identities through visual media.

Surveys principal developments in modern art and architecture from the late 19th century through 1945. Topics covered include key movements, such as Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, Suprematism, de Stijl, Dada, and Surrealism, and key concepts, such as the avant-garde, abstraction, the readymade, the unconscious, and the primitive. Readings include manifestos and other writings by artists as well as art historical texts.

Examines many divergent international art movements and controversies in painting, sculpture, video, installation art, performance, and other new forms, from 1945 to the present.

An examination of a topic in modern art and or architecture. Topics vary from year to year; the content in any given year depends upon the instructor.

Examines the history of photography in Euro-American visual culture and explores how this medium of mass communication has transformed our perceptions and conceptions of art, society, and culture over the past two centuries. Reviews key imagemakers and areas of production concluding with the impact of digital imaging.